What Is Ivermectin and How to Take Ivermectin

Ivermectin is an FDA-approved anthelmintic used to treat parasitic infections, including strongyloidiasis and onchocerciasis.

It’s available as oral tablets or topical lotions. Your doctor will prescribe the proper dose based on your weight and condition.

Common side effects include itching, dizziness, and diarrhoea, but severe reactions are possible.

Store ivermectin at room temperature in a tightly closed container, and follow your doctor’s instructions precisely.

While effective, it’s not the only antiparasitic available.

Let’s examine how ivermectin works and compare it to other options.

Key Takeaways

• Ivermectin is an anthelmintic medication used to treat parasitic infections, including strongyloidiasis and onchocerciasis.
• The recommended oral dosage for strongyloidiasis is a 0.2 mg/kg dose taken on an empty stomach.
• Ivermectin is available in 3 and 6 mg oral tablets and should be taken with water.
• Dosage is based on body weight, and adjustments may be required for age or liver function.
• Follow your doctor’s instructions for taking ivermectin and disclose any pre-existing health conditions or allergies you may have.

Definition and Uses

Ivermectin, a medication classified as an anthelmintic, is designed to combat parasitic infections, specifically those caused by worms.

It’s available under the brand name Stromectol and in generic form.

Ivermectin interferes with the nerve and muscle functions of parasitic worms, paralysing or disrupting their digestive processes.

The primary FDA-approved use of ivermectin in humans is the treatment of strongyloidiasis, an infection caused by threadworms entering the body through the skin, and onchocerciasis (river blindness), which can lead to skin issues and vision problems.

Ivermectin effectively manages symptoms of these parasitic infections, such as abdominal discomfort, bloating, diarrhoea, and skin rashes.

It’s particularly valuable for treating eye infections caused by onchocerciasis, helping to prevent vision loss or blindness.

Ivermectin has a long history of controlling parasitic infections.

However, as with many medications, there’s a growing concern about parasite resistance.

Healthcare providers may use ivermectin for off-label uses, including the treatment of hookworm and whipworm infections.

Curiously, ivermectin has also shown potential antiviral activity against various RNA and DNA viruses.

Ivermectin is approved for use in humans, as well as for preventing heartworm disease and treating certain internal and external parasites in animals.

When used preventively in areas where parasitic infections are common, ivermectin can help reduce the risk of reinfection.

Ivermectin is available in various forms, including 3 mg oral tablets (Stromectol, generic), topical cream, and lotion.

Dosage and Administration

Let’s review the recommended oral dosages of ivermectin for various conditions.

To ensure effective parasite elimination, follow the retreatment guidelines closely.

A single 0.2 mg/kg dose administered on an empty stomach is typically sufficient for treating strongyloidiasis.

Pay attention to the specific dosage amounts based on body weight ranges.

Oral Dosage Instructions

Two oral dosage forms of ivermectin are available: 3 mg and 6 mg tablets.

You will need to administer the tablets on an empty stomach, accompanied by water.

The dosage is based on your body weight in kilograms.

Typically, ivermectin is administered as a single dose; however, additional doses may be necessary depending on the type of infection being treated.

High-fat meals can significantly increase absorption, so it’s best to avoid eating when taking your dose.

There are a few key points to consider when administering tablets.

Adhere to the dosage instructions provided by your healthcare provider.

They may adjust the dosage based on factors such as age, liver function, and the severity of the infection.

For instance, seniors may require a lower dose due to reduced liver function, which affects the metabolism of the drug.

Taking the correct dose of ivermectin is essential for effectively treating your condition and minimising the risk of side effects.

If you are unsure about the proper minimising and have questions about administering the tablets, do not hesitate to consult your healthcare provider.

They can provide personalised guidance to ensure you use ivermectin safely and effectively.

In addition to the initial ivermectin dose, you may require repeat treatments, depending on the type of infection being managed.

For onchocerciasis, retreatment frequency can be as frequent as every 6 months for severe ocular infections or as short as 3 months.

Immunocompromised patients may need more frequent doses.

Ivermectin exhibits antiviral activity against RNA and DNA viruses, including dengue and Zika.

Strongyloidiasis usually requires a single dose, but immunocompromised individuals might need repeated treatments every 2 weeks or monthly suppressive therapy.

Retreatment considerations include follow-up stool examinations to confirm eradication.

Take two 200µg/kg doses 7-14 days apart for classic scabies.

Crusted scabies requires varying dosages of a topical agent.

Take ivermectin with food to increase bioavailability.

Safety in children under 15 kg and pregnant women has not been established for scabies treatment.

Ivermectin’s limited ovicidal activity may necessitate a second dose to prevent recurrences from eggs present during initial treatment.

Ectoparasitic infections like pediculosis and scabies should be retreated in 7-14 days.

Evaluation after 1 week is advised if symptoms persist.

Avoid sexual contact until you and your partner are treated, and decontaminate bedding and clothing.

Base treatment choice on preference for oral vs Topical therapy, drug interactions, and cost.

Side Effects

Although ivermectin is generally well-tolerated, it is essential to be aware of potential side effects before taking this medication.

Common reactions include itching, dizziness, fluid retention, fast heartbeat, and diarrhoea.

While these side effects are usually mild, contact your doctor if they persist or worsen.

Severe complications from ivermectin are rare but can be serious.

Watch for symptoms such as sluggishness, sleepiness, confusion, or reduced responsiveness, which may indicate brain or central nervous system problems.

Seek immediate medical attention for signs of a severe allergic reaction, such as difficulty breathing, racing heart, fever, swollen glands, or swelling of the face, lips, mouth, tongue, or throat.

Seizures or coma may occur in cases of severe ivermectin toxicity, especially when using veterinary formulations not intended for human use.

Other concerning side effects include eye pain, vision changes, severe skin rash, and loss of bladder or bowel control.

Be mindful of possible drug interactions when taking ivermectin.

Inform your healthcare provider about all medications, vitamins, and supplements you use, as ivermectin may interact with vaccines and other drugs.

Certain health conditions may also require special consideration before using this medication.

If you experience any side effects while taking ivermectin, especially dizziness or tremors, your doctor may need to monitor you closely for potential complications.

Promptly report any new or worsening symptoms to your healthcare provider.

Storage and Handling

Store ivermectin at room temperature between 20°C and 25°C (68°F and 77°F) in a tightly closed container, away from excess heat and moisture.

Keep this medication out of the reach of children and pets.

Ivermectin is a prescription medication that should only be used under the guidance of a healthcare professional.

Ivermectin tablets are available in a strength of 3 mg for oral administration.

Storage Conditions

Always store ivermectin between 2-8 °C (36-46 °F) in a tightly sealed container in a segregated and approved storage area away from incompatible materials.

Following the proper storage temperature and container handling guidelines is crucial to maintain the drug’s potency and safety.

Here are four key storage tips to keep in mind:

1. Use the original container for storage and confirm it’s tightly sealed after each use.
2. Don’t store ivermectin near heat sources, direct sunlight, or humid environments.
3. Keep the storage area organised, clean, and free from clutter to avoid accidental damage.
4. Regularly check the expiry date and discard any expired medication properly.

Adhering to these storage conditions will help preserve the effectiveness of ivermectin and prevent potential degradation or contamination.

Medical or healthcare providers ask for guidance if you have doubts about properly storing medication.

Prescription Requirement

Proper storage is essential for maintaining the safety and effectiveness of ivermectin; however, a valid prescription is also required to obtain this medication.

The prescription process for ivermectin varies based on the condition being treated.

It’s a prescription medication, so a doctor must determine the appropriate dosage for your body weight and specific infection.

Some insurance providers require prior authorisation for coverage, and authorisations may be prescribed for off-label uses, such as COVID-19.

Ivermectin is available in both oral and topical forms, with tablets used for systemic infections and a lotion for lice.

Dosing regimens differ for adults and children, and specific guidelines are recommended for infections such as scabies, which may require multiple doses administered 7-14 days apart.

Ivermectin should be stored at room temperature, away from light and moisture.

When taking ivermectin, follow your doctor’s instructions exactly.

Swallow the oral tablets with water, and apply the topical lotion only to the scalp and hair.

Discard unused portions, wash your hands after applying, and clean personal care items and laundry.

Precautions and Warnings

Before taking ivermectin, it is essential to discuss any precautions and warnings with your healthcare provider.

They’ll assess your situation and determine whether ivermectin is suitable for you.

It’s vital to disclose any allergies, health conditions, and medications you’re taking to avoid potential interactions or adverse reactions.

Here are some key precautionary measures to keep in mind:

1. Don’t take ivermectin if you’re allergic to any of its ingredients. Allergic reactions can be severe and even life-threatening.
2. Avoid using ivermectin products intended for animals, as they’re highly concentrated and can lead to overdoses. Only use ivermectin prescribed by your healthcare provider.
3. If you’re pregnant, planning to conceive, or breastfeeding, inform your healthcare provider. They’ll weigh the benefits and risks of taking ivermectin in these situations.
4. Disclose any pre-existing health conditions, such as asthma or liver disease, as well as a history of allergic reactions. Your healthcare provider may need to adjust your treatment plan accordingly.

5. Ivermectin has been inappropriately promoted for COVID-19 treatment despite not being FDA-approved for this purpose.

Specific warnings apply to certain groups of people.

Children shouldn’t have access to ivermectin, and patients with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV, should inform their healthcare providers before taking the medication.

Please inform your healthcare provider if you have travelled to or lived in areas where Loa loa is common. Patients with a history of this infection may experience severe reactions.

Elderly patients should be cautious to avoid dizziness and falls, especially when rising from a lying position.

Ivermectin vs Other Antiparasitics

When comparing ivermectin to other antiparasitic medications, evaluating factors such as efficacy against specific parasites, safety profile, and pharmacological mechanism is vital.

Regarding efficacy comparison, ivermectin is highly effective against roundworms and hookworms, while albendazole is more effective against whipworms.

Praziquantel excels at treating tapeworm infections, whereas pyrantel pamoate and mebendazole have variable efficacy depending on the parasite species.

Regarding its safety profile, ivermectin is generally well-tolerated, with mild side effects, including dizziness and nausea.

Albendazole may cause liver enzyme elevation, while pyrantel pamoate and praziquantel can lead to gastrointestinal disturbances.

Mebendazole has a risk of leukopenia in rare cases.

Drug interactions vary among these medications; therefore, it’s essential to consult a healthcare provider to assess potential risks.

Pregnancy and lactation are significant considerations when choosing an antiparasitic drug.

Ivermectin, albendazole, praziquantel, and mebendazole are generally contraindicated during pregnancy due to potential teratogenic effects.

The safety of pyrantel pamoate during pregnancy isn’t well documented.

Lastly, the pharmacological mechanism of action differs among these antiparasitics.

Ivermectin paralyses and kills the parasites, while albendazole inhibits their mic-paralysing formation.

Pyrantel pamoate causes paralysis by depolarising the parasite’s neuromuscular junction, and praziquantel disrupts the parasite’s calcium homeostasis.

Mebendazole interferes with the parasite’s glucose uptake and metabolism.

Understanding the unique characteristics of each antiparasitic medication is vital for healthcare providers to make informed decisions and optimise treatment outcomes for patients with parasitic infections.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is Ivermectin Effective Against COVID-19?

Based on the evidence, the efficacy of ivermectin in treating COVID-19 is limited.

Multiple large, well-designed trials haven’t found a significant benefit for ivermectin as a COVID treatment.

It doesn’t improve recovery times, reduce hospitalisations, or lessen symptom severity compared to placebo.

The FDA, CDC, and NIH do not recommend using ivermectin to treat or prevent COVID-19 due to insufficient evidence and potential safety concerns.

Can Ivermectin Be Used to Treat Head Lice?

Are you struggling with a stubborn case of head lice?

Ivermectin, available in oral and topical forms, can effectively treat this problem.

Studies show that a single application of topical ivermectin lotion results in 95% of patients being louse-free within two days.

While there’s no standard oral ivermectin dosage for head lice, the topical form is applied to dry hair and scalp for 10 minutes before rinsing.

How Long Does Ivermectin Stay in the Body?

Ivermectin’s elimination half-life is approximately 18 hours after oral administration.

Your liver breaks down ivermectin through metabolism, primarily by the CYP3A4 enzyme.

Ivermectin can be eliminated from the system in around 12 days, as it typically requires 4-5 half-lives.

Over roughly 12 days, you excrete ivermectin’s metabolites almost exclusively in your faeces, with under 1% eliminated in urine.

Is Ivermectin Safe for Pregnant or Breastfeeding Women?

Imagine the joy of expecting a child or nurturing your newborn.

When considering medications during this special time, safety is paramount.

Current guidelines advise against using ivermectin whilst pregnant or breastfeeding due to limited safety data and potential pregnancy risks.

Animal studies at high doses have shown adverse effects on the foetus.

It is best to err on the side of caution and avoid ivermectin unless the benefits outweigh the risks.

Can Ivermectin Interact With Other Medications?

Yes, ivermectin can interact with several medications.

It’s essential to discuss all the drugs you’re taking with your doctor before using ivermectin.

Co-administration may increase or decrease the serum concentration of ivermectin, thereby affecting its efficacy.

It can also decrease the excretion of certain drugs, leading to higher serum levels.

Ivermectin may have synergistic or antagonistic pharmacodynamic interactions with some medications.

Consult your healthcare provider about potential drug interactions and necessary medication precautions.

Conclusion

To summarise, you now have a solid understanding of ivermectin and how to take it safely.

As the saying goes, knowledge is power. Use this information wisely if your doctor prescribes ivermectin.

Always follow the recommended dosage and administration guidelines, and be aware of potential side effects, storage requirements, and precautions.

While effective, ivermectin isn’t the only antiparasitic available, so discuss all options with your healthcare provider to determine the best treatment for you.